Related Proteins
Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 1
A protein which has shown to play a role in in protection from viral and bacterial infections. Promotes inflammation and antagonises proliferation by mediating transcription of genes which code for proteins with immune regulatory properties. STAT1 plays a vital role in response to type 1 and type 2 Interferons.
Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 2
The largest STAT protein with a length of 850 amino acids in humans. Is activated only by IFN-1 and IFN-3. Forms a heterodimer with STAT 1 via phosphorylation by JAK1 and TYK2. It is responsible for recruiting transcriptional co-activators through a large TAD. Stat 2 is also involved in anti-viral signalling.
Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 3
Has opposite effects to STAT1, upregulating anti-apoptopic and anti-oxidative genes whilst supressing anti-inflammatory genes. Is involved in embryogenesis shown by lack of STAT3 leading to embryo lethality. STAT 3 also transduces signals of interleukin-6. STAT3 is involved in a wide variety of processes in the body shown by its activation by multiple signalling systems.
Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 4
This protein regulates the development of naïve CD4+ T cells into TH1 helper cells. It is also implicated in the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and has been found to have a role in expansion of TH17 cells.
Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 5A
90% identical to the STAT5B protein, however it is encoded on a separate gene. Only differences in amino acid sequence are in the C-terminal domain and in the SH2 domain. The high degree of similarity between STAT5A and STAT5B means that functionally they are quite similar.
Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 6
This protein has a longer transactivation domain than other STAT proteins. It transduces signals of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 and assists in the polarization of naïve CD4 cells into Th2 effector cells. It is also involved in the regulation of B-cell activity and mast cell activation.
References
Schindler C, Levy DE, Decker T. JAK-STAT signaling: from interferons to cytokines. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 13;282(28):20059-63. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R700016200. Epub 2007 May 14.
Steen HC, Gamero AM. STAT2 phosphorylation and signaling. Jak-Stat. 2013 Oct 16;2(4):e25790.
Koromilas AE, Sexl V. The tumor suppressor function of STAT1 in breast cancer. Jak-Stat. 2013 Apr 1;2(2):e23353.
Levy DE, Lee CK. What does Stat3 do?. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2002 May 1;109(9):1143-8.
Blaszczyk K, Nowicka H, Kostyrko K, Antonczyk A, Wesoly J, Bluyssen HA. The unique role of STAT2 in constitutive and IFN-induced transcription and antiviral responses. Cytokine & growth factor reviews. 2016 Jun 1;29:71-81.